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2019年09月26日 星期四
近期摘要
2015年第5期摘要
来源：
氮素转化菌对茶树根际土壤微生物群落和养分含量的影响
韩晓阳1,2，张丽霞1,2*，黄晓琴1,2，董玉惠1,2，李智1,2，尚涛3
1. 山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院，山东 泰安 271018；2. 作物生物学国家重点实验室，山东 泰安 271018；
3. 泰安市农业局，山东 泰安 271000
摘要：为了研究氮素转化菌对茶树根际土壤微生态环境的影响，本试验以山东泰安2年生茶树根际土壤为研究对象，设置枯草芽孢杆菌（T1）和褐球固氮菌（T2）两个接种处理，以不接种为对照（CK）。采用培养计数法与末端限制性片段长度多态性技术（T-RFLP），测定不同时期根际土壤中细菌、真菌、放线菌、氨化细菌、固氮菌、硝化细菌的数量及接种后微生物多样性的变化。同时测定接种后土壤中养分含量的变化。结果表明，接种60 d后T1和T2处理细菌数量显著高于CK，但对真菌及放线菌的影响不显著。整个试验过程氨化细菌和固氮菌数量高于CK，氨化细菌以T1处理最多，固氮菌以T2处理最多，硝化细菌数量始终是CK显著高于T1和T2处理。基于T-RFLP图谱分析，与对照组相比，菌剂组均增加了土壤微生物多样性和丰富度，各物种在数量上的均匀程度变大。在土壤养分方面，T1、T2菌剂处理组铵态氮浓度显著高于对照组，硝态氮含量低于对照。在速效P方面，T1、T2含量比CK分别显著提高了8%、25%。在速效K方面，T1、T2含量显著高于CK，提高了15%和11%。枯草芽孢杆菌和褐球固氮菌菌剂改善了茶树根际土壤微生态环境，提高了土壤养分，表现出正面效应，是一种生态安全性较高的生物菌剂。
关键词：固氮菌；氨化细菌；T-RFLP；微生物多样性；土壤养分
中图分类号：S571.1；Q939.1          文献标识码：A           文章编号：1000-369X（2015）05-405-10
 
Effect of Nitrogen Transformation Bacteria on Microbial Community and Nutrient Contents in Rhizosphere Soil of Tea Plant
HAN Xiaoyang1,2, ZHANG Lixia1,2*, HUANG Xiaoqin1,2, DONG Yuhui1,2, LI Zhi1,2, SHANG Tao3
1. College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian 271018, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Taian 271018, China; 3. Agriculture Bureau of Taian City, Taian 271000, China
Abstract: The effects of nitrogen transformation bacteria on micro-ecological environment of the rhizosphere soil of 2 years old tea plant were studied in Taian City of Shandong Province. The Bacillus subtilis (T1) and Azotobacter chroococcum (T2) were set up as inoculation treatments, and the noninoculation as the control in this research. The number of bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, ammonifying bacteria, azotobacter, nitrifying bacteria and the modification of microbial diversity in rhizosphere soil in different periods were measured, using the methods of culture counting and T-RFLP. Meanwhile, the nutrient contents in the soil were also determined. The results showed that the bacterial number of T1 and T2 were significantly higher than CK, but there were no significant impact on fungi and actinomycetes. In the whole test process, the number of ammonifying bacteria and azotobacter were higher than that of CK, among which ammonifying bacteria of T1 was the most, azotobacter of T2 was the most; the nitrifying bacteria numbers of CK was significantly higher than T1 and T2. Based on T-RFLP mapping analysis and compared with the control group, microbial diversity, the richness and evenness were rise in the bacterium treatments. The ammonium nitrogen concentration of T1 and T2 were significantly higher than that of CK, but the nitrate concentration were lower than that of CK. The available P concentration of T1 and T2 significantly increased by 8% and 25% for CK. Meanwhile, the available K concentration of T1 and T2 significantly increased by 15% and 11% for CK. The inoculation of Bacillus subtilis and Azotobacter chroococcum showed the positive effects, which could improve micro-ecological environment and soil nutrients of tea rhizospheric soil.
Keywords: nitrogen fixing bacteria, ammonifying bacteria, T-RFLP, microbial diversity, soil nutrient
 
 
高温胁迫对茶树叶片光合系统的影响
李治鑫，李鑫*，范利超，韩文炎*
中国农业科学院茶叶研究所，浙江 杭州 310008
摘要：以龙井43为材料，高温（43℃）处理48 h后，分别用调制荧光成像系统和双通道荧光仪分析其受胁迫的状态和光合系统的受损情况。结果表明，受到高温胁迫后：茶树会表现出一系列的热害症状；茶树叶片的光合速率持续下降，Rubisco最大羧化速率（Vc,max）以及RuBP的最大再生速率（Jmax）显著降低；Fv/Fm、Y(II)和Y(I)迅速降低，Y(NO)和Y(NA)上升，说明光系统II和光系统I的结构在高温胁迫下受到了伤害；茶树的ΦPSⅡ、ETR(II)和ETR(I)均显著下降，表明电子传递受到严重破坏；光系统I对高温胁迫的耐受性较高，抗强光损伤能力在高温胁迫下变强，而光系统II易受到高温伤害，抗强光损伤能力在高温胁迫下变弱。
关键词：高温胁迫；茶树；最大光化学量子产量；光系统I；光系统II
中图分类号：S571.1；Q945.11；P423       文献标识码：A        文章编号：1000-369X（2015）05-415-08
 
Effect of Heat Stress on the Photosynthesis System of Tea Leaves
LI Zhixin, LI Xin*, FAN Lichao, HAN Wenyan*
Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
Abastract: To study the effects of heat stress on the photosynthesis system of tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.), seedlings of ‘Longjing 43’ cultivar were challenged with high temperature (43℃) for 48 h followed by observation of photosynthetic apparatus by using Imaging Fluorescence system and Dual-PAM. Results obtained were as follows: Heat stress caused obvious alterations in the leaf phenotype. Net photosynthetic rate declined gradually following heat stress which was accompanied with significant decreases in the maximum carboxylation rate of Rubisco and the maximum RuBP regeneration rate. Heat stress decreased Fv/Fm, Y(I) and Y (II) rapidly, but increased Y(NO) and Y (NA), indicating that both photosystem II and photosystem I were damaged by heat stress. ΦPSⅡ, ETR(II) and ETR(I) were also decreased significantly by heat stress, suggesting that heat stress possibly blocked the electron transduction, in tea leaves, photosystem I was more tolerant to heat stress, while photosystem II was relatively sensitive.
Keywords: heat stress, Camellia sinensis, Fv/Fm, PSI, PSII
 
不同品种茶树生长对氮素浓度的响应差异
王丽鸳1，陈常颂2，林郑和2，韦康1，吴立赟1，冯素花1，成浩1*
1. 中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 国家茶树改良中心 农业部茶树生物学与资源利用重点实验室，浙江 杭州310008；
2. 福建省农业科学院茶叶研究所，福建 福安355000
摘要：利用盆栽沙培法，研究了铁观音、福鼎大白茶、黄旦等6个基因型茶树对氮素浓度的响应差异。试验表明：（1）在低氮胁迫下茶树株高、根干重、地上部重、叶片SPAD值等显著降低；茶树根重、根冠比与茶树总生物量之间呈显著正相关（P＜0.05）。（2）不同基因型茶树对氮素吸收利用能力差异较大，其中福鼎大白茶、春闺属低氮高效基因型。（3）低氮胁迫下，茶树根冠比显著增加，铁观音根冠比的变异幅度最大，为20.97%；基因型对茶树根冠比具有决定作用，不同基因型茶树根冠比的差异很大，如铁观音仅为0.71，春闺为1.81。（4）在低氮条件下，根冠比与叶片SPAD值可作为筛选耐低氮茶树品种的参考指标。
关键词：茶树品种；低氮胁迫；生长特性；根冠比
中图分类号：S571.1；S143.1           文献标识码：A            文章编号：1000-369X（2015）05-423-06
 
Growth Characteristic of Different Cultivars of Tea Plant in Response to Nitrogen Contents
WANG Liyuan1, CHEN Changsong2, LIN Zhenghe2, WEI Kang1,
WU Liyun1, FENG Suhua1, CHENG Hao1*
1.Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center for Tea Improvement, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, China; 2. Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuan 355000, China
Abstract: Vegetative propagated plants of 6 tea cultivars were sand cultured in pots and fertilized with nutrient solution containing 0, 0.06, 0.60 and 6.00 mmol/L nitrogen. The growth characteristics of tea plants were analyzed under the four nitrogen levels. The results showed: (1)Plant height, root FW, shoot FW and SPAD value of leaves decreased significantly under nitrogen deficiency stress. Total biomass showed positive correlations with root FW and root shoot radio (P＜0.05). (2)The nitrogen utilization abilities were varied widely with the genotypes of tea plant. Among 6 tea cultivars, ‘Fudingdabaicha’ and ‘Chungui’ were identified to the genotypes with high use efficiency under the low nitrogen content. (3)The root shoot ratios were higher under nitrogen deficiency stress and the maximal variation range was 20.97% as in ‘Tieguanyin’. Root shoot ratio differed significantly by genotypes. The root shoot ratios for ‘Tieguanyin’ and ‘Chungui’ were 0.71 and 1.81, respectively. (4)It was demonstrated that root shoot ratio and SPAD values under nitrogen deficiency stress could be used as screening indexes for low-N tolerant tea cultivar.
Keywords: tea cultivar, nitrogen deficiency, growth characteristic, root shoot ratio

土壤因子对茶树硒吸收特性的影响
周超1,2，胡玉荣1,3，曾建明1,2*，杨坚2，陈利燕4
1. 中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 国家茶树改良中心 农业部茶树生物学与资源利用重点实验室，浙江 杭州 310008；
2. 西南大学食品科学学院，重庆 400715；3. 中国农业科学院研究生院，北京 100081；
4. 中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 农业部茶叶质量监督检验测试中心，浙江 杭州 310008
摘要：以中茶108为供试品种，采用盆栽和水培试验，研究了不同土壤硒含量、干旱胁迫以及不同pH值对茶树硒吸收特性的影响。结果表明，茶树硒含量与土壤硒含量呈正相关；干旱胁迫会造成茶树对土壤中硒的吸收速率降低，与正常生长的茶树相比，硒吸收总量显著降低；土壤含水率在90%时，茶树根部对硒的累积总量最高，达到0.527 mg·kg-1，而在土壤含水率50%时，根部硒累积总量为0.301 mg·kg-1，两者差异极显著。在不同pH值的培养条件下，72 h内各处理叶片均达到富硒水平，处理间叶片硒含量未出现显著差异；处理28 d后，各处理间叶片硒含量具有显著差异，以pH值3.5时最高，极显著高于其他各处理。
关键词：土壤硒含量；土壤水分；pH值；茶树硒累积
中图分类号：S571.1；S143.7+9          文献标识码：A          文章编号：1000-369X（2015）05-429-08
 
Effects of Soil Factors on the Selenium Absorption Characteristics of Tea Plant
ZHOU Chao1,2, HU Yurong1,3, ZENG Jianming1,2*, YANG Jian2, CHEN Liyan4
1. Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center for Tea Improvement, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Hangzhou 310008, China; 2. College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; 3. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; 4. Tea Quality Supervision and Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
Abstract: In order to establish the effects of different soil selenium content, soil moisture content and pH value on the selenium accumulation in tea plant, Zhongcha 108 was used as investigation materials, including pot experiment and a hydroponic experiment. The result showed that the selenium content in tea plant and the soil selenium content were positively correlated. Drought stress reduced the absorption rate of tea plant from soil. When the soil moisture content was 90%, the root accumulated the highest selenium(0.527 mg·kg-1), and showed extremely significant difference with that planted in the soil moisture content was 50%(0.301 mg·kg-1). Under different pH conditions, the leaves from various treatments accumulate the selenium at the rich-selenium level within 72 hours, and there is no significant difference in leaves between various treatments. After 28 days, there is a significant difference between leaves from various treatments. The highest selenium content of leaves appeared while the pH value is 3.5, significantly higher than those in other treatments. It can be inferred that soil selenium content, soil moisture content and pH value is closely related to the selenium accumulation of tea plant.
Keywords: soil selenium content, soil moisture content, pH value, tea[Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] selenium accumulate
 
发根农杆菌抑菌剂的抑菌效果及对茶组培苗丛生芽的影响
杨亚萍，李永兰，梁月荣，陆建良，郑新强*
浙江大学茶叶研究所，浙江 杭州 310058
摘要：研究了MS培养基中不同浓度头孢噻肟钠（Cefotaxime sodium）、羧苄青霉素（Carbenicillin）和特美汀（Timentin）3种抑菌剂对发根农杆菌的抑制效果及对茶树组培苗丛生芽的影响。结果显示，头孢噻肟钠和特美汀均可以有效抑制农杆菌LBA9402、15834，而15834在羧苄青霉素的板上17 d内长出；对于外植体，头孢噻肟钠和羧苄青霉素都显著降低了茶组培苗的丛生芽增殖率，且畸形苗率高；当特美汀质量浓度在400 mg·L-1以下时，对茶组培苗影响较小，与正常对照无显著差异，特美汀具有作为茶树遗传转化体系中抑菌剂的潜力。
关键词：茶树；农杆菌；抑菌剂；生理
中图分类号：S571.1；Q939.1           文献标识码：A           文章编号：1000-369X（2015）05-437-06
 
Antibiotics Inhibition to Agrobaceterium Rhizogenes and Effect to Tea Multiple Shoots
YANG Yaping, LI Yonglan, LIANG Yuerong, LU Jianliang, ZHENG Xinqiang*
Zhejiang University Tea Research Institute, Hangzhou 310058, China
Abstract: Effects of three antibiotics on inhibition of Agrobacterium Rhizogenes LBA4404 and 15834, bud formation and growth of tea plant were studied. The results showed that cefotaxime sodium and timentin can completely inhibit the growth of Agrobacterium LBA9402 and 15834, however, carbenicillin only inhibit LBA9402 bacterium but not 15834 bacterium. Bud regeneration and growth are significantly inhibited by cefotaxime sodium and carbenicillin treatment. There is no significant difference between Timentin (≤400 mg·L-1) treatment and control without antibiotics on bud regeneration and growth of tea culture seedlings. Timentin is a good alternative antibiotic to eliminate Agrobacterium tumefaciens in tea plant genetic transformation system.
Keywords: Camellia sinensis, Agrobacterium, antibiotic, physiology
 
茶树新品种桂绿1号光合特性初步研究
莫凌，姚月锋*，白坤栋，顾大形，曾丹娟，黄玉清*
广西喀斯特植物保育与恢复生态学重点实验室 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所，广西 桂林 541006
摘要：采用Li-6400便携式光合测定系统对茶树新品种桂绿1号的光合-光响应曲线和光合日变化进行了测定分析。结果表明，在夏季晴天条件下，桂绿1号净光合速率（Pn）日变化呈单峰曲线，峰值出现在11:00，约为9.36 μmol·m-2·s-1；蒸腾速率（Tr）的日变化也为单峰曲线，但其最大值出现在15:00，约为4.06 mmol·m-2·s-1。该品种的光饱和点与光补偿点分别为354.60 μmol·m-2·s-1和7.13 μmol·m-2·s-1，表观量子效率（Φ）为0.088 mol·mol-1。逐步多元回归分析表明，光合有效辐射和空气相对湿度是直接影响桂绿1号茶树净光合速率日变化的主要因子。该研究为桂绿1号的引种、速生丰产和制定栽培管理措施提供理论依据。
关键词：茶树；桂绿1号；净光合速率；光响应曲线；光合日变化
中图分类号：S571.1；Q945.11         文献标识码：A           文章编号：1000-369X（2015）05-443-06
 
A Preliminary Study on Photosynthetic Characteristics for New Tea Cultivar Guilyu-I
MO Ling, YAO Yuefeng*, BAI Kundong, GU Daxing, ZENG Danjuan, HUANG Yuqing*
Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, China
Abstract: The Pn-PAR response curve and diurnal variation of photosynthesis of a new tea cultivar Guilyu-I were measured and analyzed with the Li-6400 portable photosythesis measuring system. The results showed that the curve of diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate (Pn) could be described as unimodal curve, and the peak value was 9.36 μmol·m-2·s-1, which occurred at 11:00AM. The curve of diurnal variation of transpiration rate was also showed in a single peak curve, but the peak value appeared at 15:00, which was 4.06 mmol·m-2·s-1. The stepwise multi-regression analysis showed that the photosynthetically active radiation and air relative humidity were the main direct factors which affected the diurnal variation of Pn. The light compensation point and light saturation point in cultivar Guilyu-I were 7.13 and 354.60 μmol·m-2·s-1 respectively. And the apparent quantum yield was 0.088 mol·mol-1. This study provided a theoretical basis for fast-growing and high-yield cultivation, and for the establishment of cultivation management strategy of the introduction of Guilyu-I cultivar.
Keywords: tea plant, Guilyu-I, net photosynthetic rate, light response curve, diurnal variation of photosynthesis

茶丽纹象甲白僵菌广东分离株的鉴定及生物学特性研究
王定锋1，黎健龙2，李慧玲1，李良德1，王庆森1，吴光远1*
1. 福建省农业科学院茶叶研究所，福建 福安 355015；
2. 广东省农业科学院饮用植物研究所 广东省茶树资源创新利用重点实验室，广东 广州 510640
摘要：通过形态学鉴定和rDNA-ITS序列分析，明确了从广东英德茶园中采集到的一株寄生茶丽纹象甲的白僵菌为球孢白僵菌，并命名为Bb1-1。为明确该菌株的生防潜力，以本实验室保存的2株茶丽纹象甲高毒力球孢白僵菌菌株（XJBb3005和XJBb3008）为参考菌，研究了菌株Bb1-1的生长速率、产孢量、孢子萌发率、耐热力和抗紫外能力等生物学特性，并测定了该菌株在25℃、29℃和32℃下对茶丽纹象甲的毒力。结果表明，3个菌株的生长速率、孢子萌发率和抗紫外能力没有明显的差异；3个菌株产孢量大小顺序为XJBb3005>Bb1-1>XJBb3008；但Bb1-1具有最强的耐热力。在25℃下，3个菌株对茶丽纹象甲成虫的累积校正死亡率之间差异不显著，都超过93.94%；但在高温（29℃和32℃）下，菌株Bb1-1对茶丽纹象甲的杀虫毒力优于两个参考菌株，处理7 d累计校正死亡率分别为90.91%和80%，LT50分别为3.83 d和5.28 d。鉴于菌株Bb1-1耐热力较强，且在高温下对茶丽纹象甲成虫具有较好的杀虫毒力，将在今后该虫的生物防治中发挥重要的作用。
关键词：茶丽纹象甲；白僵菌；广东分离株；鉴定；生物学特性；毒力
中图分类号：S571.1；S435.711         文献标识码：A          文章编号：1000-369X（2015）05-449-09
 
Identification and Biology Characteristics Research of a Myllocerinus aurolineatus-Beauveria Strain Isolated from Guangdong Province
WANG Dingfeng1, LI Jianlong2, LI Huiling1, LI Liangde1, WANG Qingsen1, WU Guangyuan1*
1. Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuan 355015, China;
2. Drinkable Plants Institute (Tea Research Center), Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory
of Tea Plant Resources Innovation & Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China
Abstract: Through morphological characters and rDNA-ITS identification, a Myllocerinus aurolineatus-Beauveria strain that was isolated from tea plantation in Yingde Guangdong Province was identified to be Beauveria bassiana, and named as Bb1-1. In order to confirm the biocontrol potential of Bb1-1, two highly virulent B. bassiana strain towards M. aurolineatus weevil used as the reference, the strain growth rate, sporulation, spore germination rate, thermotolerance and UV resistance of Bb1-1, and the virulence of Bb1-1 to M. aurolineatus weevil under 25℃, 29℃ and 32℃ were tested. The results showed that there were no significant difference on the strain growth rate, spore germination rate, and UV resistance among three strains; the sporulation decreased in this order: XJBb3005> Bb1-1>XJBb3008; however, Bb1-1 showed the best thermotolerance. At 25℃, the cumulative corrective mortality of three strains were all beyond 93.94%, and there were no significance among them. However, the virulence of Bb1-1 to M. aurolineatus weevil was higher than that of the two reference strains under high temperature. At 29℃, the cumulative corrective mortality was 90.91% (7 d), LT50 value was 3.83d. At 32℃, the cumulative corrective mortality was 80% (7 d), LT50 value was 5.28 d. In consideration of Bb1-1’s good thermotolerance and the highly virulent to M. aurolineatus weevil under high temperature, it’ll play a very important role in biocontrol of M. aurolineatus weevil.
Keywords: Myllocerinus aurolineatus, Beauveria, Guangdong strain, identification, biology characteristics, virulence
 
 
茶叶对血小板活化的影响研究进展
陈萍，邱培，程浩，周盈，龚淑英*
浙江大学茶学系，浙江 杭州310058
摘要：血小板活化是许多心血管疾病的发病基础，抗血小板药物能够在不同水平阻断血小板聚集作用的级联反应。临床医学和动物实验证实，茶叶及有效成分对血小板活化具有抑制作用，在抗血栓活性上表现出一定的构效关系。本文从饮茶及茶叶成分对血小板聚集、血栓、凝血系统等方面的体内外研究进展进行综述，探讨茶叶抑制血小板活化的不同作用机理，有助于系统阐明茶叶抗血栓、预防心血管疾病功能。
关键词：茶叶成分；血小板活化；血小板聚集；抗血栓
中图分类号：TS272；Q461           文献标识码：A            文章编号：1000-369X（2015）05-458-07
 
Review on the Effect of Tea on Platelet Activation
CHEN Ping, QIU Pei, CHENG Hao, ZHOU Ying, GONG Shuying*
Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
Abstract: Platelet activation is the basis of the incidence of many cardiovascular disease, antiplatelet drugs could block the cascade of platelet aggregation in different levels. As confirmed by clinical research and animal experiments, tea and tea ingredients can inhibit platelet aggregation. Catechins exhibit a structure-activity relationship in antiplatelet effect. This review summarized recent progress in the effect of tea and tea ingredients on platelet activity or platelet aggregation in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo, and also the effect on thrombus and coagulation system. The mechanism of anti-aggregatory effect of tea is explored, which provide further confirmation for its antithrombotic function and the preventive effect for cardiovascular disease.
Keywords: tea ingredients, platelet activation, platelet aggregation, antithrombotic
 
 人工神经网络在坦洋工夫红茶感官品质评定中的应用研究
潘玉成1，叶乃兴2，潘玉华3，赵仕宇1
1. 宁德职业技术学院机电工程系, 福建 福安 355000；2. 福建农林大学园艺学院, 福建 福州 350002；
3. 宁德职业技术学院农业科学系，福建 福安 355000
摘要：根据坦洋工夫红茶感官品质主要评定指标，采用BP神经网络建立了坦洋工夫红茶等级与其主要评定指标之间的非线性映射关系，实现了对坦洋工夫红茶等级的预测，并通过实验进行验证。研究表明，所构建的坦洋工夫红茶评审专家预测系统有较好的识别效果，实用性强，克服了许多人为误差，提高了茶叶评审的速度，评茶人员只需具备一定的茶叶审评知识，就能正确地对坦洋工夫红茶的等级进行评定。
关键词：人工神经网络；坦洋工夫红茶；品质评定；预测系统
中图分类号：TS272.5+2            文献标识码：A           文章编号：1000-369X（2015）05-465-08
 
Application Research of Artificial Neural Network in Sensory Quality Evaluation of TanYang GongFu Black Tea
PAN Yucheng1, YE Naixing2, PAN Yuhua3, ZHAO Shiyu1
1. Department of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Ningde Vocational and Technical College, Fuan 355000, China; 2. College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; 3. Department of Agriculture Science, Ningde Vocational and Technical College, Fuan 355000, China
Abstract: According to the main indexes of sensory quality evaluation in the TanYang GongFu black tea, the grade of tea and nonlinear mapping relationship in the main index was built by using BP Neural Network. Prediction of grade was achieved and all these have been proved by experiments. The results showed that expert prediction system of TanYang GongFu black tea possessed good recognition effect and strong practicality, could overcome subjective error caused by human and to improved the speed of tea assessment, the tasters who possessed the knowledge of tea assessment could correctly assessed the grade of tea.
Keywords: artificial neural network, TanYang GongFu black tea, quality evaluation, prediction system
 
多孔淀粉对茶多酚的吸附性能及其复合物抗氧化能力的研究
骆慧敏1，宁敏2，徐迎波2，王程辉2，杜先锋1*
1. 安徽农业大学 教育部茶叶生物化学与生物技术重点实验室，安徽 合肥 230036；
2. 烟草化学安徽省重点实验室（安徽中烟工业有限责任公司），安徽 合肥 230088
摘要：采用双酶法制备玉米多孔淀粉，以玉米多孔淀粉作为载体吸附茶多酚，研究玉米多孔淀粉吸附茶多酚的影响因素，正交实验优化吸附条件。探讨了吸附热力学规律，用Freundlich和Langmuir方程拟合并绘制等温吸附线，研究表明吸附过程比较符合Langmuir吸附规律（R2>0.99）。根据Langmuir等温吸附线计算微分吸附热，吸附热符合氢键键能范围，通过测定该复合物对DPPH与ABTS自由基的清除率，可见复合物仍保持较高的抗氧化能力，多孔淀粉复合后的茶多酚自氧化速度显著减慢。
关键词：多孔淀粉；茶多酚；吸附；抗氧化
中图分类号：TS272；Q946.84+1          文献标识码：A          文章编号：1000-369X（2015）05-473-08
 
Adsorption Properties of Porous Starch on Tea Polyphenols and Antioxidative Capacity of the Complex
LUO Huimin1, NING Min2, XU Yingbo2, WANG Chenghui2, DU Xianfeng1*
1. Key Lab of Tea Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China;
2. Anhui Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry(China Tobacco Anhui Industrial CO., LTD), Hefei 230088, China
Abstract: Porous cornstarch was prepared by synergism of the α-amylase and gluamaylase and employed as a carrier to absorb tea polyphenol(TP), the factors affecting the adsorption were optimized by using the orthogonal experimental design. Studying on the adsorption thermodynamic characteristic and fitting the isotherms with Langmuir equation and Freundlich equation, it turned out that the adsorption isotherm was well represented by the Langmuir equation (R2>0.99). The different heat of adsorption according to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm conformed to the hydrogen bonding key range. Furthermore, the investigation on the antioxidative activity of the complex by measuring the scavenging capabilities on DPPH and ABTS free radicals showed that the complex possessed a good antioxidant activity rised with the concentration of TP, and the auto-oxidation rates of TP turned to a significant slower rate after TP was adsorbed on the porous starch.
Keywords: porous starch, tea polyphenols, adsorption, antioxidant
 
茶树CsbHLH2基因克隆及表达分析
韩永涛，肖斌*，钱文俊，梁少茹
农业部西北地区园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室 西北农林科技大学园艺学院，陕西 杨凌712100
摘要：植物bHLH（碱性螺旋环螺旋）转录因子是植物体内一类重要的转录因子，在植物的生长发育以及胁迫应答过程中发挥着重要的调控作用。本研究以茶树品种陕茶一号为材料，采用同源克隆法从陕茶一号叶片cDNA中克隆了1个bHLH转录因子CsbHLH2。生物信息学分析表明，CsbHLH2开放阅读框（ORF）为714 bp，编码1个297个氨基酸的蛋白，预测分子量58.4 kD，等电点为5.14，氨基酸序列比对显示该蛋白与其他高等植物的bHLH蛋白具有较高同源性。拟南芥原生质体亚细胞定位表明，CsbHLH2编码蛋白定位在细胞核上。实时荧光定量PCR结果分析表明，CsbHLH2基因在茶树不同组织部位中均有表达，但是在幼叶中表达量最高；不同激素处理结果显示，CsbHLH2受SA、ETH、MEJA诱导。
关键词：茶树；bHLH转录因子；亚细胞定位；进化分析；定量表达分析
中图分类号：S571.1；Q52         文献标识码：A          文章编号：1000-369X（2015）05-481-10
 
Cloning and Expression Analysis of CsbHLH2 in Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis)
HAN Yongtao, XIAO Bin*, QIAN Wenjun, LIANG Shaoru
Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture,
College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
Abstract: The bHLH (basic Helix-Loop-Helix) transcription factor is one of the most important transcription factor in plants, which play important roles in plant growth and stress regulation. The bHLH transcription factor CsbHLH2 was cloned from tea plant (Camellia sinensis) cultivars ‘Shanchayihao’ by homologous cloning technology using cDNA template. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the CsbHLH2 contains 714 bp ORF and was predicted encoding 297 amino acid, the deduced protein molecular weight was 58.4 kD and its theoretical isoelectric point was 5.14. Amino acid sequence alignment revealed that CsbHLH2 was highly homologous to other higher plant bHLH proteins. Transient expression of recombinant plasmid CsbHLH2/PBI221-GFP in Arabidopsis protoplasts showed that CsbHLH2 was located in cell nuclei. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of the expression profiles showed that the CsbHLH2 gene was expressed in bud, leaf, stem and root. The highest expression level of the CsbHLH2 was found in the young leaf. Different hormone treatments results showed that the CsbHLH2 was induced by ETH, MEJA and SA treatment, respectively.
Keywords: Camellia sinensis (L.), bHLH transcription factor, subcelleular locatlization, phylogenetic analysis, expression analysis
 
茶树磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸转运子基因CsPPT的克隆与表达分析
赵真，陈暄*，王明乐，王伟东，Najeeb Ahmed，黎星辉*
南京农业大学茶叶科学研究所，江苏 南京 210095
摘要：以白叶1号为试验材料，通过RT-PCR和RACE技术克隆获得茶树磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸转运子基因CsPPT（GenBank登录号：KJ652972）。CsPPT完整ORF长度为1 227 bp，编码408个氨基酸，蛋白分子量为44.7 kDa，理论等电点为10.16；无信号肽位点，属于非分泌型蛋白；建立了茶树CsPPT蛋白的系统发育树；磷酸化修饰预测该蛋白质多肽链中共有26个磷酸化位点；TMHMM预测表明CsPPT蛋白为跨膜蛋白；亚细胞定位发现，CsPPT蛋白定位于叶绿体上，推测CsPPT蛋白可能定位于叶绿体膜上。荧光定量PCR结果表明CsPPT基因在茶树花中表达量最高，其次为芽、叶和嫩茎，根中最低。
关键词：茶树；磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸转运子；基因克隆；亚细胞定位；表达分析
中图分类号：S571.1；Q52         文献标识码：A          文章编号：1000-369X（2015）05-491-10
 
Cloning and Expression Analysis of Phosphoenolpyruvate Transporter Gene CsPPT from Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis)
ZHAO Zhen, CHEN Xuan*, WANG Mingle, WANG Weidong, Najeeb Ahmed, LI Xinghui*
Tea Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Abstract: The open reading frame (ORF) of CsPPT (GenBank accession number: KJ652972) from Camellia sinensis ‘Baiye 1’was obtained using RT-PCR and RACE technology. The deduced ORF of CsPPT has 1 227 nucleotides, encoding 408 amino acids. Bioinformatic analysis showed that the molecular weight of the predicted protein was 44.7 kDa, and the theoretic isoelectric point was 10.16. The predicted protein had no signal peptide, belonging to non-secretory protein. Poylogenetic tree of CsPPT had been built. Phosphorylation prediction showed the whole protein polypeptide contained 26 phosphorylation sites. Subcellular localization of CsPPT protein displayed that it was located in the chloroplast. TMHMM analysis showed that CsPPT protein belonged to transmembrane proteins. QRT-PCR analysis results showed that the expression of CsPPT has obvious tissue specificity, which was higher in flower, followed by buds, leaves, and tender stems, but lower in roots.
Keywords: Camellia sinensis, phosphoenolpyruvate transporter, gene cloning, subcellular localization, expression analysis
 
 
茶树CsCDF1基因克隆及表达分析
胡娟1,2，王丽鸳1*，韦康1，成浩1*，张成才1,2，张芬1，吴立赟1
1. 中国农业科学院茶叶研究所/国家茶树改良中心，农业部茶树生物学与资源利用重点实验室， 浙江 杭州 310008；
2. 中国农业科学院研究生院，北京 100081
摘要：采用SMART-RACE技术克隆了茶树Dof（DNA binding with one finger）基因CsCDF1的全长cDNA序列，并利用在线生物信息学软件对其进行了分析。采用实时荧光定量PCR分析该Dof基因在茶树不同组织间的表达差异和昼夜表达规律，及其在氮饥饿处理2周后对不同浓度氮素诱导的响应。该cDNA序列全长1 606 bp，包含1个编码464个氨基酸的完整开放阅读框，含有高度保守的DOF结构域，推导的蛋白分子量为50.8 kDa，理论等电点（PI）为5.52；其编码的蛋白序列与茸毛烟草、马铃薯和美花烟草的CDF蛋白（Cycling dof factor）相似性分别为69%、67%、68%。系统发育分析结果表明，该基因编码的氨基酸序列与拟南芥CDF蛋白聚为一类，因此将其命名为CsCDF1；CsCDF1在3个不同茶树品种根系中的表达量均高于一芽二叶和成熟叶；在一天中，该基因的表达呈现出昼夜节律变化；在氮饥饿后重新供氮，不同组织中该基因对不同浓度氮素的响应均为上调。
关键词：茶树；Dof基因；CsCDF1基因；光调控；氮素；表达分析
中图分类号：S571.1；Q52          文献标识码：A          文章编号：1000-369X（2015）05-501-11
 
Cloning and Expression Analysis of CsCDF1 (Cycling Dof Factor 1) Gene in Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis)
HU Juan1,2, WANG Liyuan1*, WEI Kang1, CHENG Hao1*,ZHANG Chengcai1,2, ZHANG Fen1, WU Liyun1
1. Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , National Center for Tea Improvement, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, China; 2. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
Abstract: The full-length cDNA of the first Dof gene (CsCDF1) was cloned from tea plant [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] by SMART-RACE cloning technology, and the bioinformatic analysis of the cloned gene were conducted by using online service. The expression profile of  this gene in various tissues and with diurnal rhythm as well as in response to different dosage nitrogen treatment were investigated by using  real-time fluorescent quantitative RT- PCR. The obtained cDNA sequence was 1 606 bp and contained a complete open reading frame encoding 464 amino acid residues with highly conserved DOF domain. The molecular weight and  theoretical isoelectric point (PI) is 50.8 kDa and 5.52 respectively. The analysis by utilizing the BLAST software showed that the derived protein sequences shared separately 69%, 67% and 68% similarity with CDF (Cycling dof factor) proteins in Nicotiana to-mentosiformis, Solanum tuberosum and Nicotiana sylvestris. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the protein encoded by this gene was clustered into the same clade with Arabidopsis thaliana CDF, so it was named as CsCDF1.The expression of CsCDF1 dominated in roots rather than in one bud and two leaves or mature leaves in three phenotypes. During one day, CsCDF1 gene changed with the diurnal rhythm, and resupplying nitrogen after starvation for 2 weeks, the expression in response to different concentration of nitrogen was all raised in different tissues.
Keywords: tea plant (Camellia sinensis), Dof gene, CsCDF1 gene, light regulation,  nitrogen, expression analysis
 
 
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